Are Organic Essential Oils Worth It?

Disclosure: Millennium River is an independent, professional website that uses hyperlinks. Some of these hyperlinks are affiliate links. When you click and purchase a product(s) through these links, I may earn a commission on qualifying sales. This is done at no extra expense to you. Consider also supporting this website via PayPal. Unless it is clearly stated, the content is not sponsored. This article is affiliated with Plant Therapy.

Smelling Good Since Ancient Times

Oils, ointments, and perfumes have been used since ancient times. Early humans quickly caught on that some plants smelled a lot better than others. Not only did some plants just simply smell good, they had other benefits too, including anti-bacterial properties, aromatherapy, naturally repelling pests, and other benefits. The Ancient Egyptians used many types of essential oils, with their favourites being Frankincense, Sandalwood, Myrrh, Cinnamon, and Cypress. During those times, ancient peoples did not have the type pesticides available now. This means that they had to make repellents through all-naturel means, whether by burning certain plants, using the oils from effective plants, or even using animals to repel animals. Cats for instance, became widely known and used for hunting vermin. Even ducks, have their use for eating unwanted bugs.

Conventional Versus Organic

There is a noticeable price difference between conventionally grown versus organically grown essential oil. The cost of organic essential oil can cost anywhere from 20% to 70% more than their conventionally grown counterparts. Why? This is due to the fact that it is more expensive to grow and protect plants without mass-produced chemicals or the use of genetic modification. Aside from “sticker shock” some people also criticize organic products as not being worth the asking price for sticker label, and that conventionally grown products can be of the same quality. Is there any truth to these claims? It is certainly true that conventionally grown essential oils can still smell good and perform their functions. However, to say that organic grown essential oils are scams asking for higher prices is false. If such product claims to be organic without a label of certification however, then that product could very well be a scam.

A Label With Meaning

When a product says that it is free of common allergens like dairy, nuts, and shellfish, it is because it has been legally certified to make that claim. Likewise, the same is true for organically grown essential oils. Companies cannot just place a Canada Organic or USDA Organic label as if they were cosmetic decorations. To use this label, producers must demonstrate a commitment towards more natural and natural-based farming and/or foraging practices. This same approach applies to essential oils. Suppliers and companies dedicated to organic standards are committed to creating high-quality, safe, and pure oils that have been derived from crops subjected to natural and organic farming and production practices.

Standards

Producers and companies who seek to sell essential oils with organic claims must adhere to standards set by locally governing authorities as well as any other labelling regulations or restrictions in the area they are being sold. In the United States, organic claims must adhere to USDA conventions and FDA regulations for cosmetic labeling and safety, as stated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) and the Fair Packaging and Labeling (FP&L) Act. In Canada, The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) regulates the use of the Canada organic logo. Only products with organic content that is greater than or equal to 95% may be labelled or advertised as “organic” or bear the organic logo.

A genuine organic essential oil is one that has not only been derived through the use of natural methods as much as possible, but also where farming practices have been conscious of soil quality. Example: the introduction of potentially harmful agents by avoiding mono-cropping or the use of genetically modified organisms, and the end-to-end manufacturing and production process of the oil is accounted for in terms of chemical contaminants. What does this all mean? Organic essential oils represent an act and philosophy that is created to be environmentally friendly, sustainable, healthy, and more supportive towards the agricultural community as a whole.

Are Organic Essential Oils Really Better?

If the essential oil is certified organic, then yes, it really is better. As noted above, a company cannot legally place “Certified Organic” on a label, without following the legal requirements. The production of organic essentials oils is therefore better for the environment, especially from plants that would conventionally use a lot of pesticides. This makes consumers feel good and confident knowing that their oils were responsibly sourced and produced. The next question to address would be a matter of whether the quality of such oil is truly better: would organic peppermint oil smell or taste better than conventionally grown peppermint oil? At this point, people would very well know that the organically grown oil is better for the environment, but what about the actual quality of the finished product?

Truthfully, organic production does not automatically guarantee an oil will be better than its conventional counterpart. Organic also does not mean 100% free of pesticides and pollution, and regulators are aware of this, hence why products are not allowed to say “100% organic”, regardless of certification. However, because certified organic products are grown as naturally as possible, this does tend to result in oil of better quality. The drastic reduction of toxicity is helpful for people with sensitive skin. After all, organic farming is both a philosophy and practice that one does not pick up casually on the whim. Much care, thought, ethics, and yes even love, has to be put into it.

Where To Buy

Organic essential oils can be bought at a wide range of stores online or in-person. The United States in particular stands out for having a gigantic catalogue of stores and brands that either wholly or predominantly focus on essential oils. Plant Therapy is one of them. The Twin Falls, Idaho-based company was founded in 2011 and says that their mission is to bring people natural living options at an affordable price. Their people-first promise keeps their customers, employees, and community at the heart of everything they do. Plant Therapy has grown to be a trusted place to buy essential oils, body care, and household items. More than 10 years later, the company has grown, but maintains that they have retained the same good team dedicated bringing people quality natural living.

In terms of organic essential oils Plant Therapy offers the following, including many others not listed here:

Plant Therapy ships internationally to most countries, with Canada and the United Kingdom being honourable mentions on their international shipping list.

2022 Battery Electric Vehicles Canada

Disclosure: Millennium River is an independent, professional website that uses hyperlinks. Some of these hyperlinks are affiliate links. When you click and purchase a product(s) through these links, I may earn a commission on qualifying sales. This is done at no extra expense to you. Consider also supporting this website via PayPal. Unless it is clearly stated, the content is not sponsored.

2022

The 2022 year did not bring a lot of new models to Canadian shores. It did, however, see a lot of unveilings from various brands. It also marked the opening of General Motors Canada’s first full-scale electric vehicle manufacturing plant, a major amendment to the United States electric vehicle tax credit bill, and several other events to be covered within this write-up.

Buy American Becomes Buy North American

Back in 2021, Canada sounded the alarm when Canadians learned that the United States electric vehicle tax credit bill would only pertain to vehicles built within the United States Of America. Canadian leaders and workers were fearful that it would result in American brands closing factories in Canada to move to the United States, causing thousands to lose their jobs. In 2022, United States Democrats Senator Chuck Schumer and Senator Joe Manchin have agreed to propose to get rid of the tax-credit plan that favoured American-made electric vehicles. Instead, the Senate majority leader and the West Virginia moderate are proposing an amendment to Joe Biden’s climate and health bill that would expand the credits to include all of North America.

While this may have breathed a sigh of relief for stakeholders, politicians, leaders, and manufacturers, a major problem still remains: lack of Canadian-born and built electric vehicle companies in Canada. As AK Motors CEO Kaminski warned Trudeau in a statement last year, Canada cannot continue to be 100% reliant on building vehicles for foreign companies, as they can change things as they best see fit. The 2024 U.S. elections for example, could end up changing the course of trade, should the future President choose not to care about Canada and other countries very much.

Canada’s First Full-scale Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Plant

On December 05, 2022, the Prime Minister Of Canada, Justin Trudeau, announced the opening of the GM CAMI plant in Ingersoll, Ontario. The first full-scale commercial electric vehicle plant in the country. The CAMI assembly plant was retooled to make the BrightDrop Zevo 600. The BrightDrop Zevo 600 is an electric light commercial vehicle that is powered by Ultium batteries and Ultium drive motors and purpose-built for the delivery of goods and services. The estimated range is said to be 400 kilometres on a full charge. Interestingly, it was only 8 months ago that the government announced investments to retool the CAMI EV assembly plant in Ingersoll.

20% Of New Vehicles Sold In Canada By 2026 Must Be Zero Emission Vehicles

On December 21, 2022, Steven Guilbeault, Minister of Environment and Climate Change, announced that the Government of Canada has published proposed regulations that set ZEV sales targets for manufacturers and importers of new passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, and pickup trucks. The regulations will require that at least 20% of new vehicles sold in Canada will be zero emission by 2026, at least 60% by 2030, and 100% by 2035. These targets will help increase supply so that more Canadians who want a ZEV can buy one. In addition to making sure there are more ZEVs to buy, the Government also announced the following investments to make buying and charging an electric vehicle easier for Canadians:

  • Invested in 50,000 more electric vehicle charging stations across the country, for almost 85,000 federally-funded chargers across Canada by 2027. This is in addition to charging stations supported by provincial governments and the private sector.
  • Renewed the program that provides Canadians up to $5,000, and businesses up to $10,000, toward the cost of buying or leasing a ZEV. Over 180,000 individuals and businesses have taken advantage of this program to date.
  • Making historic investments in electric vehicle manufacturing in Canada, which will mean made-in-Canada ZEVs by Canadian auto workers and for Canadian drivers to buy.

Danielle Smith Wants To “Protect” Alberta From Electric Vehicles

On December 22, 2022, Alberta Premier Danielle Smith made 3 Tweets in regards to Canada’s battery electric vehicle plans, particularly the 2026 mandate:

1. The Liberal-NDP plan to outlaw non-electric vehicles will drive up vehicle costs and take away your freedom to choose what vehicle makes sense for you and your family.

2. It will also cost billions of your taxes to upgrade the grid in a very short period of time, increasing your electricity costs and potentially impacting grid stability.

3. Electric, diesel, and gas powered vehicles are all choices Albertans should have depending on their personal needs, budgets, and circumstances. As Premier, I will make sure you have a choice when it comes to the vehicle you drive- the NDP and Liberals can butt out. 

Comments such as these coming from a Premier are troubling. Not only are these comments false, but ironically would suffocate Alberta and cause it to fall behind in a global push forwards. An opposing critic had also called her out for trying to make something that is not a real problem, look like a problem, while ignoring real problems happening right now with the faltering healthcare system, wages not matching inflation, homelessness, and several others.

Debunking These Harmful Myths 1-by-1

1. Outlawing combustion engine vehicles will not drive up vehicle costs. If anything, as more and more electric cars are being produced from major giants like General Motors, Ford, Honda, and others, especially under their non-luxury brands, the costs of electric vehicles are actually going down. Consumers no longer have to buy a Tesla if they need something with a range of 400 kilometres or greater. Pickup trucks, sedans, and crossovers — all can be had in all-electric form, making the remark about being unable to choose a vehicles that makes sense for your family false. 

2. “Billions” is a greatly exaggerated figure. Would have been true if Alberta were starting from scratch with the deployment of stations. However, this is absolutely not the case. As of January 2022, Alberta has 255 charging stations throughout the province. On top of this, the government has even given them millions to setup stations for electric vehicles. Making it look as though Albertans were going to bare the brunt of this burden alone is straight up false. The grid will not become damaged either. Alberta has more than enough time and resources to improve the grid. If the province were to take Smith’s to heart, then the province will fall into an actual crisis on top of already existing problems.

3. Internal combustion vehicles, whether people want to accept it or not, are mechanically inferior to all-electric vehicles. This alone could be an entire article, but in short, the absence of the engine and all its complex parts and piping, means far fewer maintenance, reliability, and long-term savings. And no hazardous tailpipe emissions. As already mentioned, there are already numerous sizes, classes, and price points of all-electric vehicles for consumers to choose. The remark about how she wants the Liberal and New Democratic Party to butt out, only proves the opposing critics right about her making unnecessary noise about something that is not a problem, while not focusing on actual problems happening.

Alberta Can Do It

Alberta has the fourth largest fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) in Canada behind Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. The availability of reliable charging infrastructure is a key factor in electric vehicle adoption. Alberta is a land very rich in resources. It even has the potential to become an electric vehicle powerhouse, thanks to its richness. However, if people are fed with fake propaganda, believe it in it, and act upon it, this will gravely hurt Alberta’s innovation and growth to match forward-moving provinces, and the rest of the world.

Project Arrow

On October 19, 2022, APMA revealed a peek of the Project Arrow’s skeleton to attendees of its 70th annual conference in Windsor, Ontario. APMA plans a global reveal at the 2023 CES annual trade show in Las Vegas. The burning question during the conference has been answered: will the Arrow see full-scale production or not? Flavio Volpe says the possibility of an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or investor with deep pockets to sweep in and commit to mass produce the Arrow is not 0, but at this moment nothing is in the works. Volpe insists Arrow’s purpose is to act as a demonstration model of Canadian potential and talent, rather than a tool to entice manufacturers to start scaling — which, he believes, could cost a billion dollars.

While developing and making cars is no cheap task, Canada has plenty of affluent OEMs and investors that can easily fund mass-scale production. It is only a matter of will. If the Project was attractive to the point that APMA had to choose 58 Canadian industry partners out of 534 applicants, then there is certainly an interested investor and OEM watching and willing to produce it. Who will it be? 2023 will hopefully reveal. If the vehicle is a success at the 2023 Consumer Electronics Show, it will make it all the more likely for the Arrow to become a production car.

AK Motor

May 30, 2022, The Maple Majestic brand of AK Motors unveiled a video of a variant of their namesake car, then an official media statement the following day. This concept variant is called the Maple Majestic Kombi-Kross. The objective is to offer supreme winter handling capabilities and off-road attributes while providing additional storage space for longer trips. The startup’s statement also mentions that several more body configurations based on the existing concepts will be presented in the coming months as well as the technologies behind these vehicles. Between then and now, December 2022, no other concepts have been revealed. Could this mean a pickup truck concept in 2023? Time will tell. Given that there is not even a functional prototype of the original model, AK Motor may be better off creating a working prototype first, before exploring other concepts. If they manage to pull off both for 2023, then that would surely be an interesting surprise for the Canadian automotive industry.

New To Canada For 2022

  • Kia EV6
  • BMW i4
  • BMW iX
  • Volvo C40 Recharge
  • Rivian R1T and R1S *first deliveries to employees in Vancouver*
  • Toyota bZ4X *2023 bZ4X has limited inventory and is only available at select authorized dealers in British Columbia and Quebec* -Toyota Canada as of December 2022
  • Genesis GV60

Dodge Charger Daytona SRT Banshee

Disclosure: Millennium River is an independent, professional website that uses hyperlinks. Some of these hyperlinks are affiliate links. When you click and purchase a product(s) through these links, I may earn a commission on qualifying sales. This is done at no extra expense to you. Consider also supporting this website via PayPal. Unless it is clearly stated, the content is not sponsored.

Eye-catching

I love pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, and crossovers. So much so, that back in 2020 I even did a write-up entirely on non-utilitarian vehicles that should become all-electric utility vehicles. Yes, that was me. I did that. And proudly, too. Between now and then, a lot of utility vehicles have either been unveiled or are even on sale right now. The Hummer EV, Ford Lightning, Chevrolet Silverado EV, and Lotus Eletre to name a few. Though I am happy to see so many electric utility vehicles coming out, I found none of those vehicles personally exciting enough to warrant writing an entire write-up on them. Well, the Lotus Eletre actually did almost excite me enough to write about it. It seems as though I may have been distracted with other things at the time, however. When Tesla’s Cybertruck was unveiled back in 2019, it smashed the Internet. Yes, I see what I did there. Now last week while browsing the Internet, I saw Dodge make the headlines over a car unveiling. It was the Dodge Charger Daytona SRT Banshee. I did not watch the full unveiling until today, August 23, 2022. That machine is eye-catching!

Unveiling

The Unveilings were split over 3 days: Day 1: Current Muscle, Day 2: Gateway Muscle, Day 3: Next Gen Muscle. I did not watch the Day 1 and Day 2 videos because I could care less about the V8 going away. In fact, I could care less about ICEs going away in general. If anything, I would say, “Took you long enough!”. No seriously, some automotive brands have been serious laggards in the electric vehicles race, and I have criticized them for it on more than one occasion. Toyota, Mazda, Subaru, McLaren, Ferrari, Lamborghini, General Motors, and you guessed it: Stellantis. The Day 3 stream starts off with a brief introduction with the history of the Dodge brand. The gist of it? 2 American brothers quit their day job to put their side hustle into full production. Sure sounds like what a lot of entrepreneurs do when their side hustle starts taking serious traction. During a part of it, Timothy Kuniskis said that some people were ticked off when Dodge revealed the Dodge Hornet. The reason? Critics accused Dodge of being a sellout and making a boring compact utility vehicle that blends right into the sea of CUVs. However, he was also able to shut down what people considered “selling out” by telling the audience that there are 14,000 preorders for the Hornet. This just goes to prove that Internet critics do not gauge the success of a product or service, and that they are often nothing more than an obnoxious vocal minority.

Alfa Romeo Jealous?

While on the topic of the Dodge Hornet, I heard a word that Alfa Romeo is allegedly annoyed and jealous about Dodge “copying their homework” and being more successful with it. If this is actually true, it is both comical and non-sensical. The Dodge Hornet and Alfa Romeo Tonale are both compact utility vehicles that share the same platform. They are even built within the same factory in Italy. Yes, a Dodge made in Italy sounds a little weird, but the Jeep Renegade is made in Italy too, so not too surprising anymore. Dodge is not just cheaper, but has far more awareness in North America than Alfa Romeo does. If Alfa Romeo really wants to get a profit off its badge-engineered Tonale, perhaps they might want to try and convince Stellantis to not make them have to share so many guts, bits, and pieces with non-luxury marques. If Alfa Romeo is not in a position to do that, they should at least do more to offer a more premium experience with what they have to work with.

Back To Discussing The Unveiling

This is the EV that you did not see coming, but you will definitely hear coming, the Dodge man claims. Yes, he is certainly right. Before the electric muscle cars arrives, we can hear the low-pitched, futuristic hum of the vehicle. There was also lots of red lighting, smoke, and some electro revs. The Dodge comes out to drive in a path that momentarily takes it outside, before returning back to the presentation room. Wow!

My Thoughts

Timothy was not kidding when he said that Dodge wanted to create a car that looks like a Dodge, sounds like a Dodge, and drives like a Dodge. Well, the driving experience has yet to be proven, as nobody has taken it for a test drive. Or perhaps journalists probably already might have, but may currently be under embargo. As for sounding like a Dodge, there is certainly a lot of mixed opinions on this. In general, I think I am seeing a bit more hate, as well as “Will we be able to turn that off?”. Too many people are erroneously calling the sound fake, when it is actually a naturally produced sound from the car’s chamber. I believe that too many people have not taken the chance to actually watch the video or at least read an entire article on it properly. For this reason, I am now officially under the impression that if most people are hating the sound because it is produced “fakely” rather than the how the sound sounds to the ears, that they are vocal minority haters. It is perfectly fine to dislike the sound, but to hate without knowing more on how it is produced, is rather nutty. For me I personally, I love the sound, particularly its idle sound. It sounds like a mean, vibrating synth. The rev sound? Does not sound as cool, but it is alright. Both sounds would be better if they had more of that muscle car rumble to them. 

The looks? This is where just about everybody agrees that it looks A-amazing! The front end screams retro-done-with-a-modern-touch, while the back has super cool rectangular racetrack taillights. The interior looks good. Nothing special, but looks good. Some commenters pointed out that they should have an option for a bench seat in the back. I agree with this. If Dodge went as far to give it all-wheel drive and a hatch, they should go with bench seats for the back. A lot of concepts that have buckets seats in vehicles like this tend to become bench seats in production models. Therefore, I do not think people will have to worry too much about that. I have also seen some say that Dodge should offer a 4-door version of this. Seeing as though Dodge announced the end of the current Charger and Challenger, it would make sense to make an electric Challenger the 2-door option, and the Charger the 4-door option. Or perhaps they could just do one model with an option for both.

No Frunk?

Not once did Dodge open the front trunk in the presentation. This may be because they do not want to expose certain parts yet, but it raises a concern: is it really true that there is no frunk? If yes, then that is really bad and sad. Backpacks are useful. Frunks are useful. I tried to Google the answer to this, but there is no definite answer. Only 1 or 2 sources I think said that the concept vehicle does not have a frunk. This implies that the production model probably will. I say that it absolutely should! For me personally, I will not even consider an electric model of a particular car if it has no frunk. Why should I? The point of losing a giant, disgusting, engine is not just about zero emissions, but making vehicles even more functional. If Dodge cannot make the Fratzonic Chambered Exhaust system without it getting in the way, they would be better off just forgetting about it altogether. The Tesla Model S has a frunk. The Lucid Air has a frunk. Now why am I comparing premium marks to a non-premium mark? Because though Dodge is not a luxury brand, it is still very much a performance brand. Enough so, that there are countless videos of Dodges racing against the luxury marques, even if they lose the race. Electric vehicles must have frunks. To not include one is a waste of engineering, resources, and opportunity. BWM and Mercedes-Benz, I am looking at you, and I hope you are sweating in guilt for committing the great sin of not putting frunks in your current all-electric vehicles.

Conclusion

Slam, drift, drag, and donut! Those are all race modes that Dodge intends to put into their cars. The Dodge Charger Daytona SRT Banshee is one fine-looking muscle car. Dodge did a fine job at making their electric concept as cool as they possibly can. Since we are now in the age of electric cars, I wonder if Dodge will put the Dodge ZEO into production? I love scissor and gullwing doors on vehicles and the Dodge Zeo has just that: 4 scissor doors. Very cool, if you ask me. While the Dodge Zeo does not have the coolest-looking face in town, the mere fact that it has scissor doors integrated into it, straight from the factory, would make me choose it over the Banshee. Yes, for real. Doors aside, it looks pretty darn good, too. Some might say the shape is a little goofy, but that is ok. 

 

Emancipation

Disclosure: Millennium River is an independent, professional website that uses hyperlinks. Some of these hyperlinks are affiliate links. When you click and purchase a product(s) through these links, I may earn a commission on qualifying sales. This is done at no extra expense to you. Consider also supporting this website via PayPal. Unless it is clearly stated, the content is not sponsored.

What Does That Word Even Mean?

Emancipation is the process of giving people social or political freedom and rights. Freeing from restraint, control, or the power of another.

Emancipation Day

This historic day paved the way to freeing over 800,000 enslaved Africans and their descendants in Canada, parts of the Caribbean, Africa, and South America. However, this only applied to children under the age of 6. Others still had to continue serving their former owners unpaid, for 40 hours a week. It not until July 31, 1838 that all enslaved people across the British Empire finally gained their freedom at midnight on that day. Since then, August 01 has been commemorated in many parts of the world, including through celebrations of freedom across Canada. In Canada, Emancipation Day did not get such status until March 24, 2021 when the Member of parliament in the House of Commons voted unanimously to designate August 01 as Emancipation Day across Canada. Trinidad And Tobago was the first country to commemorate Emancipation Day as a national holiday since 1985. 

Emancipation Day Versus Juneteenth

Juneteenth, short for June Nineteenth, is a holiday commemorating the end of slavery in the United States, observed annually on June 19. Similarly to Canada, it did not receive official, national status until 2021. On June 17, 2021, President Biden signed the bill into law, making Juneteenth the 11th holiday recognized by the federal government. In 1863, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which announced more than 3,000,000 slaves living in the Confederate states to be free. Despite this, it took 2 years for the news to reach Black Americans living in Texas. The news was brought to them through Union soldiers when they arrived in Galveston, Texas, on June 19, 1865. Upon learning of their freedom, the former slaves celebrated with prayers, feasts, songs, and dances.

Black Slavery In Canada

The buying, selling, and enslavement of Black people in Canada was practiced by European traders, and colonists in New France in the early 1600s. It lasted until it was abolished throughout British North America in 1834. During that 200-year period, settlers in what would eventually become Canada were involved in the Transatlantic Slave Trade. 12 to 20 million Africans were enslaved in the western hemisphere after an Atlantic voyage of 6 to 10 weeks. During that voyage now known as the Middle Passage, approximately 2,000,000 Africans died from disease, malnourishment, mistreatment, and fights. Upon arrival in North America, enslaved Africans and their descendants were forced to work in fields, perform manual labour, and domestic work in homes. They were forced to change their names, abandon their faiths, reject their cultures, and stop speaking their native tongues. 

Slave owning was not only limited to the elite and politicians. Ownership was widespread in colonial Canada, from government, military officials, merchants, fur traders, hotel keepers, millers, tradesmen, bishops, priests, and others. It cruelly filled the need for cheap labour, and was also considered part of an individual’s wealth. The law enforced and maintained enslavement through legal contracts that detailed transactions of the buying, selling or hiring out of enslaved persons, as well as the terms of wills in which enslaved people were passed on to others. Slaves were not treated any better in Canada than they were in the Caribbean or the United States. They were viewed as property tools, with treatment varying considerably from owner to owner. Some owners would have allowed them to read and write, free them after the owner dies, or reward them land, and property. However, the mere fact that they were held as property sums up the overall treatment: inhumane. Most were tortured, jailed, or even sexually abused.

Indigenous Peoples Slavery In Canada

Long before Black slaves made up the majority of enslaved peoples, Indigenous peoples of the Americas were the main slaves. European explorers in the 1400s and 1500s were infamous for kidnapping Indigenous peoples and taking them back to Europe to be enslaved or exhibited. Indigenous peoples were not granted basic human rights, and were treated as property tools. They were bought and sold for the main purpose of manual and domestic labour. Most of those enslaved were young women, with the average age being 14 years old. Indigenous slavery in Canada did not end until slavery was abolished in Canada. 

Caribbean Slavery

Between 1662 and 1807 Britain shipped 3.1 million Africans across the Atlantic Ocean in the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Africans were forcibly brought to British owned colonies in the Caribbean and sold as slaves to work on plantations. Those involved in the trade were driven by the large financial gain to be made, both in the Caribbean and at home in Britain. However, it was not only Britain involved in the Slave Trade. The sugar plantations of the region were also owned and operated by French, Dutch, Spanish, and Danish colonists. The death rate on the plantations was high, as a result of overwork, poor nutrition, work conditions, brutality, and disease. The work in the fields was gruelling, with long hours spent in the hot sun, supervised by overseers who were quick to whip them. Tasks ranged from clearing land, planting cane, harvesting cane, to manuring, and weeding.

Slavery was not without a fight, however. There were rebellions against slavery right up until emancipation in 1834. Most notably were the slave revolts during 1700s and 1800s including: Tacky’s rebellion in 1760s Jamaica, the Haitian Revolution in 1789, Fedon’s 1790s revolution in Grenada, the 1816 Barbados slave revolt led by Bussa, and the major 1831 slave revolt in Jamaica led by Sam Sharpe. That people that ran away from slavery who would form communities became known as the Maroons.

Indentured Labour

The abolition of slavery in 1834 led to Britain creating yet another means of exploited work: Indentured Labour. After the abolition of slavery, newly freed men and women rejected to work for the low wages offered on the sugar farms in British colonies in the Caribbean. Indentured labour was a system of bonded labour that was instituted following the abolition of slavery. Indentured labourers were recruited to work on sugar, cotton and tea plantations, and rail construction projects in British colonies in the Caribbean, Africa, and South East Asia. From 1834 to the end of World War 1, Britain had transported approximately 2 million Indian indentured workers to 19 colonies including Fiji, Mauritius, Ceylon, Trinidad, Guyana, Malaysia, Uganda, Kenya, and South Africa.

The indentured workers were recruited from India, China, and the Pacific. Workers signed a contract in their own countries to work abroad for a period of 5 years or more. They were meant to receive wages, a small amount of land and in some cases, promise of a return passage once their contract was over. In reality, this rarely happened. The conditions were harsh and their wages mercilessly low. The system of indentured labour was officially abolished by the British government in 1917. Over the following century, the descendants of those who remained became significant parts of the population in a number of countries such as Guyana, Surinam, Trinidad, Jamaica, Malaysia and South Africa, and, to a lesser extent, in the East African countries of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. A lot of East and South Asian people also migrated to the United Kingdom in the 1950s and thereafter.

Legacy

Though countries such as Canada, United States, Britain, Spain, Holland, and France, have long abolished enslavement systems, freedom was not truly granted upon abolishment of such systems. Formerly enslaved peoples continued to face challenges of discrimination in housing, employment, education, health, transportation, and several other areas. Even though a lot has improved between then and now, the effects from hundreds of years of colonialism still effects these society in a number of ways, mainly through superiority complex. There is still work to be done.

 

River Talk 1: Russian-Ukrainian War

Disclosure: Millennium River is an independent website that uses hyperlinks. Some of these hyperlinks are affiliate links. When you click and purchase a product(s) through these links, I may earn a commission on qualifying sales. This is done at no extra expense to you. You may also support this website via PayPal. Unless it is clearly stated, the content is not sponsored.

River Talk Series

Welcome to the Millennium River Talk series! While I already do various write-ups in the form of articles, blog posts, and creative pieces, the River Talk series are a special category of blog posts. How so? Unlike the other usual blog posts that I post on this website, these types of blog posts have my personal opinion and commentaries far more heavily integrated integrated into them. As such, for those that may have known Millennium River for leaning more towards the professional spectrum, you may dislike the idea of this. To those people I say do not worry. River Talks will still have the signature Millennium River brand language style and all. The only difference is that they are even more opinionated and chat-like, hence the term “River Talk”. The first write-up for the River Talk is indeed a very dark one, but is also one that I have been really wanting to do.

Slavic Slaughter

It is what it is: Slavic Slaughter. Why does Russian need so much land? They are already almost twice as large as the second largest country on the planet: Canada. And for its sheer size, they cannot even properly populate they land they currently have, yet try to acquire more. To put it into perspective, Bangladesh has an area of 147,570 square kilometres, yet with a staggering 164 million people! Russia on the other hand has an area 17,125,191 square kilometres, but with only 144 million people. If you do the math, Russia is 116 times bigger than Bangladesh, who at the same has 20 million more people than it. Truly mind-blowing. But what is even more mind-blowing in a very sad way is the slaughter for more land and resources. Yes, I know there is far more to it, and that is exactly what I am about to discuss further below: Why is Russia slaughtering Ukraine in the first place? Is it really for just more land? Is NATO really a threat? Did Joseph Biden get on Vladimir Putin’s nerves?

What I Had Previously Known

When I became aware of the situation, the gist of it was Ukraine is “ours” and NATO cannot be on Russian boundaries. So before writing any further into this talk I decided to watch a detailed 30-minute video on the full scoop of the situation.

Notes I Gathered

  • Ukraine “belongs” to Russia
  • NATO is a threat
  • Ukraine’s tariffs for sending oil through them to Europe are too high
  • Stopping Ukraine from becoming a major player in the petroleum industry
  • When Ukraine became too pro-EU and Pro-West, they ousted their pro-Russian Government which was deeply upsetting and offensive to Russia.

Direct Demands:
1. Ukraine never join NATO
2. Bring NATO troops from Eastern Europe all the way back to the pre-1997 boundaries, ending them at Germany
3. Freeze the NATO alliance as is and add no more new members

Jealous Control Freak

Putin is behaving like a man who cannot get over his break-up with his former wife. From the day they split, he never stopped thinking about it. He kept a dangerous, jealous, controlling eye on her. Watching her success. Watching her assets. Watching her wave the flag of independence loud and proud. Watching her get increasingly comfortable with a group of people who do not share his values. Out of sheer spite and jealousy, he proceeds to robbing a portion of value from her house. Her friends react in disgust. Later, as the desire to bring her under full control surges, he sends a crew of his men to capture her! She is caught, and illegally living under his possession. Nevertheless, she is fighting furiously for complete freedom, while calling on her friends to help.

Ukraine Belongs To Russia

Ukraine, alongside all other former Soviet countries legally and officially voted independent from Russia. This is a solid fact. They do not want to be connected to the Russian empire. Not even Belarus wants to be connected Russia, despite being one of their closest friends. Ukraine has its own language, ethnicity, and culture which it is firmly proud of. Yes, it is an undeniable fact that the Slavic countries do share a common origin and were once under the same lands. We can say the same thing for other languages and peoples. Do we see other countries at this time trying to annex the smaller brother tribes into the greater brother? No. Ukraine does not belong to Russia.

NATO Is A Threat

100% fabricated. NATO even has a fact-checked page debunking all of Russia’s blatantly absurd claims. One of the most regurgitated claim is that NATO is encircling and trying to contain Russia.

NATO is a defensive alliance, whose purpose is to protect our member states. Our exercises and military deployments are not directed against Russia – or any other country. This myth also ignores geography. Only 6% of Russia’s land borders touch NATO countries. Russia has land borders with 14 countries. Only five of them are NATO members. Outside NATO territory, the Alliance only has a military presence in Kosovo and Iraq. The KFOR peacekeeping mission is carried out with a United Nations Security Council mandate. NATO’s non-combat mission in Iraq contributes to the fight against terrorism and is carried out at the request of the Iraqi government, with full respect for Iraq’s sovereignty. In contrast, Russia has military bases and soldiers in three countries – Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine – without the consent of their governments. Russia also has amassed over 100,000 troops on Ukraine’s border and is threatening to invade Ukraine.” — NATO

The last line has not been updated, as we all know that Russia is presently invading Ukraine. They have been doing so since February 2022 up to now, June 2022. Another thing that has not been mentioned is that Russia’s aggressive behaviour has actually caused NATO to expand even further. Finland and Sweden have been neutral countries. Even in the height of the Cold War they remained neutral. The invasion of Ukraine drove them into a drastic change of mind, and caused them to apply for NATO membership. I do not blame them. Russia does not share modern 2022 values with the rest of Europe. If I were the leader of a tiny country right next to an angry giant, I would not hesitant at the chance to join a massive military alliance.

Russia Must Remain Europe’s Biggest Oil Producer

Russia is an absolute oil titan. While I knew that Russia was one of those places that produced a lot of oil, it was not until now, June 2022, that I learned that Russia is 3rd largest oil producer on the planet. Only Saudia Arabia and the United States produce more oil. Considering how “small” Saudi Arabia is in comparison to gigantic Russia, I find it more mind-blowing how so much oil produced from land drastically smaller than Russia and the United States. Back to the point of oil, Ukraine apparently has a lot of oil, too. Not only oil, but they also compete with Russia for crops. So much so, that some even nickname it the breadbasket of Europe. Though it goes beyond just Europe. Africa also happens to be a major client of Ukrainian wheat, so we could say that it is more so the breadbasket of the Old World, alongside Russia.

Russia apparently sees this as not just some rivalry, but a grave threat to their domination. Russia wants the major oil and wheat profits to itself. But why? What is wrong with a little competition? After all, healthy competition makes rivals stronger and better. Simply put, Russia is behaving like a big, successful star, afraid of the up-and-coming star, because the rising star is no longer as close to them as before. Ukrainian independence? They hated them for that. Before Russia built pipelines in several other regions, they had to pipe the oil through Ukraine to get it to other part of Europe. The tariffs were high, and they hated that. When Ukraine started becoming increasingly pro-EU and Pro-West, particularly during Euromaidan in 2014, they ousted their pro-Russian Government, Viktor Yanukovych, which was deeply upsetting and offensive to Russia. Russia then took this opportunity to illegally annex Crimea, giving them access major ports in the Black Sea and lots of natural resources. On top of this, the Western companies that had been involved in the oil business left, leaving Ukraine unable to take back Crimea when Russia stole it.

Fast forward to now, we can clearly see that Zelenskyy was right about the West and Europe not doing enough to punish Russia for this illegal annexation. Had Ukraine’s friends given them the support and attention they are receiving now, Russia would not have been able to walk away with Crimea back in 2014. The lack of tough action gave Russia the time to plan, build up, and carry out massive military aggressions years later.

Bloodthirsty Race To #1

The route of Putin’s tactics is money. The whole NATO blame game is nothing more than Putin afraid of the West getting in the way of trying to restore Russia’s position as the #1 Empire of gas and oil. You see, the former Soviet Union had a lot of assets under its roof. It had vast amounts of oil, gas, wood, weapons, and money. Rather than trying to adapt with the times, Putin is resorting to an ancient mindset of conquering and exploiting, which is ironically making the Russian economy even worse. So much so, that some economists even went as far as saying that Putin could be setting Russia behind 30 years of economic development. Ouch! This bloodthirsty race to try and regain the #1 position as a global superpower is clearly not working in their favour. What may have worked centuries ago, will not work in the 21st century.

Putin has made a Pariah of himself. Europe, the largest consumer of Russia’s precious oil and gas, does not even want to buy oil and gas from them anymore. Well, most of it, that is. Serbia in May 2022 openly declared that they bought a good gas deal from Russia. Lithuania on the other hand, has already cut off all imports of Russian gas, while others are planning to get off of it as fast as they feasibly can. Not to mention the slew of the sanctions that have been placed on both Russia and Belarus. This race to the top is ironically pushing Russia to the bottom of the barrel. By the time the Russo-Ukrainian War is over, not only will the Russian economy be in a disastrous state, their recovery is going to be rough. So rough that is leads to another extremely interesting topic: Outcomes.

Outcomes

There are a lot of potential outcomes for the Russo-Ukrainian war. In a Russia-favoured scenario there are 3 options that come to mind:

  1. Russia successfully manages to subdue Eastern Ukraine, thus leading to them capturing the rest of a financially and resource-drained Ukraine who can no longer continue fighting.
  2. Russia may decide to completely forgo any plans of capturing Western Ukraine, and successfully walk away with Donbass and the already stolen Crimea.
  3. Russia could go absolutely berserk with the violence and deployment, capture Ukraine entirely, and proceed to retaking non-NATO former Soviet countries to get as close as possible to restoring the former Russian empire. 

With the amount of sanctions in place, and the fact that there are vastly more countries on Ukraine’s side, it is very unlikely to see #1 and #3 happening. It is a fact that NATO does not want to get directly involved out of fear of mass destruction. Nevertheless, the alliance is closely monitoring the situation. Therefore, I believe the worse that can happen to Ukraine is that they end up losing the East, and are unable to retake Crimea. Any extreme act of violence that gets too close to Poland or another NATO country is bound to trigger NATO’s direct involvement. NATO itself has even stated that certain acts like the use of chemical weapons will prompt their direct response.

In a Ukrainian-favoured, or I should say mostly internationally favoured scenario, there are 3 major options that come to mind:

  1. Russia loses and is forced to remove Putin from power and have a complete transformation of government
  2. Russia not only loses the Government, but is also forced to disarm
  3. The loss could end up being so severe, that it not only results in the full return of Ukraine’s territories, but also results in the dissolution of Russia.

If Russia loses, it is 99% safe to say that scenario #1 is going to happen. I initially never thought about the possibility of the Russian Federation itself breaking up further into separate countries, till I came across a post somewhere. Upon looking into it, it turns out that the hypothetical Dissolution Of Russia is not a new topic. In fact, there is a full-blown Wikipedia page on it, Quora discussions on it, and Reddit discussions on it as well. I personally do not think that will happen for now. At the same time, I would not be greatly surprised if it does. History has proven time after time that “great empires” always end up getting dissolved when the primary holder can no longer bare the burden of all that land and responsibility. British Empire? Roman Empire? Ottoman Empire? Mongol Empire? Where are they now? Gone and broken up. Depending on how bad the Russian economy gets, and what type of transformation the government undergoes, #3 could happen within the 2020s decade, perhaps closer towards the end of the decade.

Other World Wars Going On

Syria, Palestine, Yemen, Afghanistan, and East Africa? While much of the World is deeply focused on the Russo-Ukrainian War, I have seen questions in regards to why is Ukraine getting so much more attention and funding than other wars that are just as bad, if not, worse, and have been going on long before the Russo-Ukrainian war. Here is where things are going to get touchy and offensive to some, but I have to say it: it is because those countries are not considered important enough in the eyes of the West. Yes, the United States, Canada, and parts of Europe have indeed accepted a fair bit of refugees from these countries. Yes, some relief and aid has been sent to them. The question remains though, why are efforts not determined enough to fix these countries? It is combination of a lot things.

Many people feel that some places, particularly Afghanistan, Syria, and Somalia for example, are unfixable Danger Zones that are not worth the continual effort. People also point out that it is because these are non-White countries, thus leading to increased scrutiny and distrust against these peoples. Islamic countries tend to be stereotyped as being incompatible with Western values, and have a high terrorist rate. African countries on the other hand, Islamic or not, also tend to get looked down as inferior, diseased, dirty nations for being dark-skinned. Again, these reasoning all go back to them being too different from the West.

Going back to value point, a lot of countries that tend to be ignored, or helped limitedly, do not add financial gain to the West because they are too poor. See, with Ukraine and Russia being the  crop baskets and oil pockets of the old world, it is easy to see why the West would pay so much attention to making sure the global flow of goods are not interrupted. Think about it: Taiwan Versus Laos. Should China decide to attack the latter, how is the West going to respond? They would scold China, yes. They would also allow Laotian refugees to flee for safety. They would send some aid. Help more or less would end there. Now if China were to invade Taiwan, which is something that the West is openly concerned about right now, Biden already went as far to say that he would forcibly defend it. Not just him, but many other Nations too. Why? Because Taiwan is a major semiconductor and electronics.

Clearly, it is combination of how profitable a country is in global trade or how Westernized they are that determines how much support they will get in hard times. While I can understand why it is important for major global centres to not get disrupted, could it be possible that some countries often ignored could end up being major players in the future? Certainly. Which ones? That is something I do not have an answer to. The powerhouses today, were not always powerhouses. They too, had their chaotic, impoverished pasts. Each and every countries’ solution to its problems are complex and different. This does not mean that they should forever go ignored. Those that can be fixed easier than others, should be given a bit more of a chance.

Final Word

Truly, I do hope that the Russian-Ukrainian War ends utmost soon. Slaughtering people for the sake of money, oil, and power is deeply revolting. Russia is losing more of what they are fighting for, than what they are trying to gain. May Ukraine be fully liberated, including Crimea and Donbass. May the world learn from these events to prevent future ones similar to it from happening. Hopefully it if ends soon enough, the World can start looking into fixing other conflicts before they turn into major ones that end up impacting all countries. Early prevention is key.